What causes dark circles under the eyes?
People think dark circles are due to tiredness and a lack of sleep. Though this can be one cause, there are other reasons for dark under eye circles, such as allergies or the natural aging process. Dark circles under the eyes may look purple or blue to dark brown or black, depending on skin color. In some cases, dark circles under the eyes can indicate a need for lifestyle changes, such as improvements to sleep habits or diet.
Causes and risk factors
- lack of sleep or poor sleeping habits
- allergies, including hay fever
- hyperpigmentation, which happens when the body produces more melanin
- reduced levels of fatty tissue around the eyes
- thinning skin under the eyes
- anemia from iron deficiency
- overexposure to sunlight
- frequent rubbing of the eyes
- aging
- smoking
- inherited genes
- thyroid conditions
- dehydration
- dermatitis
- eye drop treatment
There are some risk factors for dark circles under the eyes, such as:
- Older age:
- Nonwhite ethnicity
- Genetics
Home remedies
Products that contain antioxidants may help reduce the appearance of dark circles. People may be able to reduce the appearance of dark circles under the eyes with simple home remedies.
- More sleep
People can make sure they are getting enough quality sleep each night to help reduce or prevent dark circles. Raising the head up on extra pillows may help reduce dark circles and swelling around the eyes.
- Cucumber
Applying cucumber slices to the eyes may soothe tired eyes and reduce swelling.
- Cold compress
Applying a cold compress to the eyes can constrict blood vessels and reduce the appearance of dark circles.
- Tea bags
Tea bags may help lessen dark circles and puffiness under the eyes. Caffeine has antioxidant properties and stimulates blood circulation around the eyes.
- Facials
Poor circulation around the eyes can cause the appearance of dark circles. Gentle massage around the eye area through a facial can help to improve circulation.
- Antioxidant skincare products
Face creams and under-the-eye products that contain antioxidants may help to decrease the appearance of dark circles. Vitamins E and C are antioxidants that may help treat dark circles.
- Makeup
Though makeup will not alter dark circles, people may want to use an under-the-eye concealer for cosmetic purposes.
Medical treatments
If home remedies do not get rid of dark circles under the eyes, a person can see their doctor or dermatologist for advice on medical treatment.
Medical treatment options include:
- Topical creams
Bleaching creams can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. These might include:
- hydroquinone
- tretinoin
- a combination of both
People may need to use hydroquinone for at least 3 months to see an effect.
- Kojic acid
Anecdotal reports state kojic acid is effective in treating dark circles. Kojic acid is a natural product that comes from two species of fungi. But, it is important to know that side effects of kojic acid can include contact dermatitis and reddening of the skin.
- Azelaic acid
Using azelaic acid to treat hyperpigmentation under the eyes, and it is safe to use over long periods.
- Topical vitamin C
A study showed the effects of 10% vitamin C lotion in the treatment of dark circles, over 6 months. The lotion was effective in lightening darkness under the eyes.
- Chemical peels
Chemical peels, using alpha hydroxy acids, such as glycolic acid, can help to lighten hyperpigmentation under the eyes.
People may also use chemical peels in combination with topical creams for better effect.
- Lasers
Laser therapy can be an effective treatment for dark circles. Less invasive laser procedures, such as pulsed dye or diode lasers, may lessen the risk of scarring or other potential side effects.
- Fillers
If thinning of the skin or loss of fatty tissue is causing dark circles under the eyes, fillers may be a potential option. People can have injections of platelet rich plasma or hyaluronic acid gel into the area under the eye.
- Surgery
A type of surgery called blepharoplasty can get rid of dark circles that are due to deposits of fat or extra skin around the eye area.
Prevention
UV protection sunglasses can help prevent dark circles forming under the eyes.
People can help prevent the appearance of dark circles by addressing lifestyle factors.
- Getting enough sleep and reduce stress
- Protecting the eyes from the sun
- Stopping smoking and reduce alcohol consumption
If people have concerns about the appearance of dark circles, they can see their doctor or dermatologist for treatment options and to check for any underlying health conditions.